RESUMEN
Due to unfavorable environmental conditions, heat stress is one of the significant production restrictions for the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) crop. The tomato crop is considered an important vegetable crop globally and represents a model plant for fruit development research. The heat shock factor (HSF) gene family contains plant-specific transcription factors (TFs) that are highly conserved and play a key role in plant high-temperature stress responses. The current study was designed to determine the relative response of heat stress under three different temperatures in the field condition to determine its relative heat tolerance. Furthermore, the study also characterized heat shock genes in eight tomato genotypes under different temperature regimes. The expressions of each gene were quantified using qPCR. The descriptive statistics results suggested a high range of diversity among the studied variables growing under three different temperatures. The qPCR study revealed that the SlyHSF genes play an important role in plant heat tolerance pathways. The expression patterns of HSF genes in tomatoes have been described in various tissues were determined at high temperature stress. The genes, SlyHSFs-1, SlyHSFs-2, SlyHSFs-8, SlyHSFs-9 recorded upregulation expression relative to SlyHSFs-3, SlyHSFs-5, SlyHSFs-10, and SlyHSFs-11. The genotypes, Strain B, Marmande VF, Pearson's early, and Al-Qatif-365 recorded the tolerant tomato genotypes under high-temperature stress conditions relative to other genotypes. The heat map analysis also confirmed the upregulation and downregulation of heat shock factor genes among the tomato genotypes. These genotypes will be introduced in the breeding program to improve tomato responses to heat stress.
RESUMEN
Legumes are essential and play a significant role in maintaining food standards and augmenting physiochemical soil properties through the biological nitrogen fixation process. Biotic and abiotic factors are the main factors limiting legume production. Classical breeding methodologies have been explored extensively about the problem of truncated yield in legumes but have not succeeded at the desired rate. Conventional breeding improved legume genotypes but with more resources and time. Recently, the invention of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and high-throughput methods for genotyping have opened new avenues for research and developments in legume studies. During the last decade, genome sequencing for many legume crops documented. Sequencing and re-sequencing of important legume species have made structural variation and functional genomics conceivable. NGS and other molecular techniques such as the development of markers; genotyping; high density genetic linkage maps; quantitative trait loci (QTLs) identification, expressed sequence tags (ESTs), single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs); and transcription factors incorporated into existing breeding technologies have made possible the accurate and accelerated delivery of information for researchers. The application of genome sequencing, RNA sequencing (transcriptome sequencing), and DNA sequencing (re-sequencing) provide considerable insights for legume development and improvement programs. Moreover, RNA-Seq helps to characterize genes, including differentially expressed genes, and can be applied for functional genomics studies, especially when there is limited information available for the studied genomes. Genome-based crop development studies and the availability of genomics data as well as decision-making gears look be specific for breeding programs. This review mainly presents an overview of the path from classical breeding to new emerging genomics tools, which will trigger and accelerate genomics-assisted breeding for recognition of novel genes for yield and quality characters for sustainable legume crop production.
